What is Idgham? | Rules of Idgham | Types of Idgham in Tajweed of the Quran 

There are four rules in Tajwid about what happens after Noon Sakinah (نْ) or other letters that accompany Tanween. Idgham rules occur under both regulations.

Idgham is written in Arabic as الإِدْغَام and means to unite one thing with another. In terminology, Idgham is a combination of consonants with vowels, so these two letters become one letter and two letters are pronounced as one letter with weight. The definition of the term Idgham in Tajwid scholarship means attachment that is not binding. letter by letter, two letters sound like one sound.

In other words, Idgham rules refer to the assimilation of certain letters when they pass from one letter to another under certain conditions. This is done to join or unite the letters, to make them easier to read more fluently and consistently.

Idgham comes after the Arabic letter Noon Sakina or At-Nanween. In more complete terms: Idgham occurs when a nasal sound (or the letter Mudgham) occurs in the same word or at the end of a word and a non-nasal sound (a “Ghayar Mudgham letter) at the beginning of the next word.

With Idgham, instead of pronouncing two letters separately, the nasal sounds are assimilated or combined with the following non-nasal sounds.

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What are Idgham Letters:

As mentioned above, the term Al-Idgham in Tajwid means combining two letters to make one sound.

There are 6 Idgham letters in Tajwid. The letter causing Idgham as Noon Sakinah and Tanween are as follows:

الرّاء   (ر)

الميم   (م)

اللام   (ل)

الواو   (و)

النون   (ن)

الياء   (ي)

This Idgham letter is summarized in the words (يرملون)

If one of these six letters of Idgham appears at the beginning of the word that immediately follows one that ends in noon Saakin or Tanween, the noon merges into the following letter, this is Idghaam.

Idgham rules:

TheIdgham rules is if after Nun As-Sakinah or Tanween comes any of the Idghaam letters, you will merge the nun Sakinah or Tanween into the letter. The emphasis will be on the succeeding letter because of the presence of Shaddah.

In the pronunciation of Idgham, ن Sakinah and Tanwin are absorbed or absorbed by the letters below them. When ن precedes the letters of Sakinah and Tanwin Idgham, merging is pronounced with MERGE.

Types of Idgham:

ldgham rules is divided into two types. Divided depending on the letters, ن Sakinah and Tanwin are united and pronounced through the nose, called ادغام, or completely absorbed and eaten by the letters called ادغام

The two types of Idgham are as follows:

• ldgham with Ghunnah (Idgham Bighunnah)
• Idgham without Ghunna

Idgham with Ghunna :

Idgham with Ghunna is the first form of Idgham called Idgham with nasalization (Ghunnah). Ghunnah is the sound that comes from our noses.

With Ghunnah, Idgham is assimilated to non-nasal sounds, and nasal sounds are lengthened for monosyllabic sounds. This is accompanied by a slight nasalization tone. This type of Idgham is marked by a small circle above the non-nasal letter.

The duration of Ghunna is about two seconds or two beats.

Idgham with Ghunnah occurs when the letter Idgham comes with An-Noon As-Sakinah or At-Tanween contains the letter of the word ينمو 

This letter is called the Ghunnah letter Idgham.

If one of these four letters comes after An-Noon, Es-Sakinahor At-tanween, the sound of An-noon, Es-Sakina or At-tanween is both blocked, and the letter An-noonEs-Sakinah or At-tanween is Idgham. combined with the letter.

In this case, Ghunnah will be involved, so the interpreter must stand on two letters that make a new sound.

Examples of Ghunnah and Idgham:

Here are some examples of Ghunnah and Idgham:

(وَجَعَلْنَا سِرَاجًا وَهَّاجًا) An-Naba period: 13).

In this case, the letter (و) in the word وَهَّاجًا comes after At-Tanween, and the sound of the letter (جً) combined with the letter waw و is hidden. If the letter (ا) at the end of the word سِرَاجً is not clear in this verse or is a letter with Idgham and Ghunna.

Idgham without Ghunnah :

Idgham without Ghunnah is a nasal sound assimilated to a non-nasal sound without lengthening the nasal sound. This type of Idgham is marked by a small vertical line above the non-nasal letter.

Of the six letters of Idgham, there are two letters of Ghunnah, namely Laam (ل) and Raa (ر)).

If one of these letters comes before An-Sunnah As-Sakinah, then As-Sakinah will be hidden, and the letter that comes after As-Sakinah will be either the letter ل (Laam) or the letter ر (Raa).

If the letter L or ر after At-Tanwan, the reader must say the sound (n) that occurs due to the presence of At-Tanween.

Example of Idgham without Ghunnah

Here are some examples of Idgham without Ghunnah from the Holy Quran:

فَإِنِ انْتَهَوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّـهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (Al-Baqarah, verse 192)

In this example, since At-tanween in the word غَفُورٌ is spelled with the letter رَحِيمٌ ر (Raa), At-tanween can be hidden and combined with the first letter to read Dummah and Arabic phonetic numbers.

Therefore, it should not be called (Ghafoorun Raheem) but Ghunnahsyz (Ghafoor-ur-Rahiim).

Here is another example:

اُولَــِِكَ عَلَىٰ هُدى مِنْ رَبِّحِمْ َأُ وَأُولــِِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ (Baqarah verse 5).

In this example, “منْ” has the letter ر (Raa) in the word رَبِّهِمْ in the afternoon of As-Sakinah. Thus, the letter Raa will be hidden entirely. And before Es-sakina day (Mem) the letter ر (R) will be combined.

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When to pronounce Idgham in Tajweed:

If the Arabic letter An-Noon Es-Sakina or At-Tanween is followed by the six Idgham letters mentioned above, then An-Noon Sakina or Tanween will be combined into this letter, two sounds of the capital letter. a new voice that stands in between.

Stress or emphasis is placed on the next letter because the Arabic phonetic symbol is called Ash-Shadda.

To clarify the concept of the term Idgham, it should be noted that Idgham occurs only when two words are combined – the first word ends with An-NoonEs-Sakinah or At-tanween and the second word begins. Idgham is one of the six letters.

Conclusion:

The term Tajweed is a linguistic term used to refer to precise pronunciation decisions related to the recitation of the Qur’an, including the correct pronunciation of letters to produce the correct sounds of Arabic letters, including the phonetic process of opening and closing letters.

Therefore, in order to read the Qur’an correctly, it is necessary to learn the rules of Tajwid with a special teacher and Idgham rules is one of these essential lessons. 

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