Huroof Ikhfa (Ikhfaa letters), Rules of Ikhfaa in Tajweed with Examples
Ikhfaa letters – Huroof Ikhfa in Tajweed with Examples
The word Ikhfaa linguistically means to hide or cover the sound of letters, like silent letters. The Arabic word (Hakiqi) means real or clear.
The meaning of Ikhfaa in Tajweed knowledge is the Arabic letter (An -Noon As -Sakinah) or (Harkat) Tanween between Izhaar and idghaam, keeping the ghunnah sound clear. out of the nose (a nasal sound) while concealing the sound of the letter (An-noon) behind the sound that comes after it.
In simple words: Ikhfaa is to hide the whole of a letter sound or some of it while you are pronouncing it. In other words, Ikhfaa is a path between Izzhar and Idghaam.
How to Pronounce Ikhfa letters :
If you want to pronounce Ikhfaa, you must follow the rules below:
- Correct pronunciation of ikhfaa’ is obtained by placing the tongue in a position of readiness to articulate the letter the following noon while holding the ghunnah for two counts.
- Avoid touching the upper part of the mouth with the tip of the tongue during the ghunnah or else noon will be evident and not hidden.
Note that: the sunnah of ikhfaa’ follows the letter that comes next as regards heaviness and lightness (i.e. the ghunnah of Ikhfaa’ is heavy if it is followed by a heavy letter and vice versa).
How to Remember Ikhfa Letters:
There are fifteen (15) letters of ikhfa in tajweed. The ikhfaa letters for noon sakina and tanween are all the remaining letters in the Arabic alphabet after we remove the letters that cause Izhar, idgham, and iqlab.
To memorize the letters of ikhfa, there is a poem that collected all fifteen letters. If you can memorize it, you can easily memorize the letters of ikhfa.
They are the first letter of every word in this verse;
صِفْ ذَا ثَنَا كَمْ جَادَ شَخْصٌ قَدْ سَمَا # دُمْ طَيِّبًا زِدْ فِي تُقًى ضَعْ ظَالِمَا
The meaning of this verse is to describe the possessor of praise. How generous is a person who has achieved such a position? Always be good. Increase in piety. Let the oppressors.
Although the line advises the reader. Its original purpose is to highlight the Ikhfaa letters that appear at the beginning of each word in the verse.
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Types of Ikhfa Letters:
There are two types of Ikhfaa: Ikfaa Haqiqi and Ikhfaa Shafawi. The difference between Ikhfaa’ Haqiqy (clear) and Ikhfaa’ shafawi (oral) has to do with the way each one is pronounced.
1. Ikhfaa Haqiqi :
Al-Ikhfaa Al Haqiqi is to conceal the voice of As-sakinah or At-tanween and An-Noon when there is a letter of the fifteen letters. Arabic letters Al-Ikhfaa Al-Haqiqi (meaning clear and secret pronunciation of letters) are fifteen Arabic letters of the Arabic alphabet. If there is a letter of these fifteen letters after As-Sakina or At-Tanween in the An-Noon, it will be correct Ikhfaa Haqiqi (understandable).
2. Ikhfaa Shafawi:
Ikhfaa Shafawi is hiding or concealing the sound of the Arabic letter Al-Meem As-sakinah (م), which holds the sound of Al-Ghunnah when followed by the Arabic letter (ب).
Al-Ihfaa Ash-Shafawi is named so because the Arabic letter Meem has the same place of articulation (Makhrij sound) as the Arabic letter Baa. Spoken with the lips.
Here are some examples:
تَرْمِيهِم بِحِجَارَةٍ
وَهُم بِالْآخِرَةِ
15 Ikhfaa Letters :
Here are the fifteen Arabic letters of Al-Ikhfaa:
ك ق ف ظ ط ض ش س ز ذ د ج ث ت
Ikhfaa Letter Rules :
The Ikhfa rule is that if Noon sakinah or tanween is followed by any of these 15 letters, we hide noon (ن). The Ikhfa can take place between two words (as will always be the case with the tanween) or in the middle of a word.
To hide the noon (ن), our tongue does not touch the teeth or gums, rather our tongue approaches the point of articulation of the first letter, but causes it to be (hidden).
We then hold this sound with an accompanying ghunnah (nasalization) for the amount of timing appropriate for the Ikhfa.
The technique of Ikhfaa takes practice to perfect. There is no difference in the Ikhfa or in the technique of the ikhfa whether it is a written ن that is being hidden or a tanween
Some students keep the tongue at the point of articulation ن when pronouncing and lengthen the sound with ghunna (nasalization). This is not the right way.
Others left the back of the tongue on the roof of the mouth, which is not correct.
The tongue should not touch the roof, gums, or teeth, but should be close to the point of articulation of the first letter, as mentioned earlier.
Three levels of Ikhfaa in Tajweed :
Ikhfaa has three levels, it mainly depends on the positions of articulation of the Arabic letter “An-noon” or the Arabic phonetic sign “At–tanween“. So, there are three kinds or levels of Al-Ikhfaa rule.
They are as follows:
1. The High Level of Al-Ikhfaa:
The high degree of ikhfaa occurs when An-noon As-sakinah or At-tanween Sign is followed by the Arabic letters (د ، ت ط).
In this case, Al-Ikhfaa turns out to be to some extent- similar to Al-Idghaam because the positions of articulations (Makharaj) of these three Arabic letters are adjacent to the position of articulation (makhraj) of the Arabic letter An-noon or the Arabic phonetic sign, At-tanween.
2. The low degree of Al-Ikhfaa:
The low degree of Al-Ikhfaa rule happens when An-noon As-sakinah or At-tanween Sign is followed by two Arabic letters which are (ق ، ك).
In this case, it is- to some extent- similar to the rule of Al-Izhaar because the places of articulation to these two Arabic letters are not close to the position of articulations of An-noon and At-tanween signs.
3. The In-Between Degree of Al-Ikhfaa:
This case happens when one of the other ten Arabic letters comes after An-noon or At-Tanween. That is because the positions of articulation are neither remote nor adjacent to the position of articulations of An-noon As-sakinah or At-tanween.
Examples of Ikhfaa Letters :
Here you can look at the fifteen (15) letters of Ikhfa in the Quran.
Here are examples of Ikhfa Tanween in the Quran.
Ikhfa Letters Tanween Examples
ت ناراً تلظى
ث مآءً ثجاجا
ج خَلْقٍ جَدِيدٍ
د كَاْسَاً دِهاقاً
ذ مسكيناً ذا
ز صَعِيداً زَلَقاً
س وَرَجُلاً سَلَماً
ش سَبعاً شداداً
ص صفاً صفاً
ض وَكُلاً ضَرَبْنَا
ط صَعِيداً طَيِّباً
ظ ظِلاًّ ظَلِيلاً
ف كدحاً فملاقيه
ق عذاباً قريباً
ك كراماً كاتبين
Examples of Ikhfaa
Conclusion :
This is just a summary of Ikhfa’s lessons. The exact rules cannot be explained in writing but must be learned and copied from a qualified teacher of the Qur’an.
Learning Tajwid for children requires a lot of practice. Therefore, apart from learning the theoretical aspects of tajwid, your reading can be corrected by a professional teacher. Imah Qur’an is here to help you learn tajwid with live lectures conducted by qualified teachers.
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