Tanween (Nunation) in Arabic, meanings, types, rules, and examples
What is Tanween in Arabic
Tanween is spelled تَنْوِينٌ in Arabic. It is called a nunation, and the addition of نْ at the end of the noun means that you speak, but you do not write. If you end up in practice, you almost always add the suffix نْ to unknown nouns. Tanveen indicates a specific grammatical function in a word.
In addition to different pronunciations, they have grammatical and meaning-related values.
Rules of Tanween:
There are three important rules about Tanween:
The first rule of Tanween:
Tanween placed the last letter with only one word. You will never find Tanween in the middle or the beginning of a word.
The second rule of Tanween:
Tanween is a combination of noon letter and short vowel sounds associated with Sukoon (Noon Sakin).
ـَ + نْ = ـً
اَ + نْ = اً
ـُ + نْ = ـٌ
اُ + نْ = اٌ
ـِ + نْ = ـٍ
اِ + نْ = اٍ
However, we cannot replace Tanween with noon Sakin because Tanween has some grammatical purpose to serve.
The third rule of Tanween:
Tanween with Fatha is always written with extra alif. i.e.,
باً
تاً
داً
مَرْحَبًا
However, there are two exceptions of alif rules with Fatha.
If the last letter of the word is related to Marboota ة , no additional letter is written, e.g.
فَتْحَةً
كَسْرَةً
حَرَكَةً
If the word ends with the letter hamza (ا) and the second last letter is alif (ا), no additional alif is written, e.g.
مَاءً
سَمَاءً
Types of Tanween:
There are three types of Tanween:
- FatH (ً) is denoted by double Fathah
- Kasr (ٍ) means double Kasrah
- dhamma (ٌ) means double Dhammah
Tanween Al-FatHah:
Fath تنوين فتح) is characterized by two fat-has and an extra alif at the end of the word. It is called “An”. example:
ولدً
بنتً
قلمً
Examples of Tanween Fatha in Arabic:
The businessman opened a new shop فَتَحَ التَّاجِر دُكَانًا جَدِيْدًا
I found a key in the street وَجَدْتُ مُفْتَاحًا فِي الشَّارِع
I saw a girl in the garden رَأَيْتُ بِنْتًا فِي الحَدِيْقَة
My father bought a new car اِشْتَرَى أَبِي سَيَّارَةً جَدِيْدَةً
Tanween-Al-FatHah at the end of an indefinite noun means that the noun is in the accusative case.
Each noun in this example is مَفْعُول because it indicates the recipient of the action. Note that there are other positions of the noun مَنْصُوب.
Example 3, جَدِيْدةً is an adjective and follows the antecedent noun in gender and Tanween (i.e., case).
Tanween Addhammah :
Tanween dhamma (تنوين ضمة) is marked by two dhammas at the end of the word. This is called “un”. For example:
ولدٌ
بنتٌ
قلمٌ
Examples of Tanween Dhamma in Arabic:
This is a bag هذه حقيبةٌ
A boy went came out of the room خَرَجَ ولدٌ مِنَ الغُرْفَةِ
The boy is small الولد صغيرٌ
Tanween al-Dhamma at the end of the indefinite noun means that the noun is in the nominative case.
Tanween Al-Kasrah:
Tanween Al-kasrah is marked with two kasras written under the last letter of the word. It’s pronounced as “in”. Examples
ولدٍ
بنتٍ
قلمٍ
Examples of Tanween Al-Kasrah in Arabic:
The traveler slept under a tree نَامَ المُسَافِر تَحْتَ شَجِرَةٍ
I wrote with a new pen كَتَبْتُ بَـقَلَمٍ جَدِيْدٍ
The child eats with a spoon يَأكُلُ الطِّفْل بِـمِلْعَقَةٍ
Tanween al-kasrah at the end of the indefinite noun means that this noun is in the genitive case. Since preceded by a preposition, every noun in these examples is مَجْرُور.
Important Note:
Tanween is always added to the end of an indefinite noun. The position of this noun in the sentence determines the type of Tanween to include.
If the indefinite noun is a subject, topic, or predicate, it gets Tanween Damma. If the indefinite noun is an object, it gets fatha. If it comes after a preposition, it gets Tanween Kasrah.
The effect of Tanween in Quran Tajweed:
There are four provisions for Tanween in Quran Tajweed:
1- Izhar Examples from the Quran:
There are many examples of Quranic rulings on Izhar, and Izhar may come in one or two words with six letters: hamza, Haa, Ain, Ha, Ghin, and Kha. Moreover, Izhar comes after the Noon Sakinah or Tanween, and among the examples of the ruling on Izhar are the following:
“أنهار– “فِيها أَنْهارٌ مِنْ ماءٍ غَيْرِ آسِنٍ
“أنعمت– “صِراطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ
“من عمل– “مَنْ عَمِلَ صالِحاً مِنْ ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثى وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ
2-Examples of Idgham from the Qur’an:
There are many examples of the rules of Idgham in the Qur’an, which are six letters and groups in the word “يرملون”, whether using Ghunna or not, and whether after Sakina Noon or Tanween, and among the following examples:
هدىً للمُتقين– ذلِكَ الْكِتابُ لا رَيْبَ فِيهِ هُدىً لِلْمُتَّقِين
من ربهم– أُولئِكَ عَلى هُدىً مِنْ رَبِّهِم
من وال– وَما لَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِهِ مِنْ والٍ
3- Examples of Iqlab from the Qur’an:
The rule of Iqlab is only in the letter Baa: “من بعد” and Iqlab comes from Baa with one or two words when written with the letter “Noon”. and for example, in the word “انبیهم”.
which is contained in the Almighty’s saying (قالَ يا آدَمُ أَنْبِئْهُمْ بِأَسْمائِهِمْ ) and for example in two words: “أن بورك” As for Tanween, it is pronounced with only two words, such as, His saying – the Almighty.
(لَنَسْفَعًا بِالنَّاصِيَةِ)
When iqlab the nun sakinah or tanween into a meme without Idgham, as in the word: “جُددٌ بيض”.
4- Examples of Ikhfa from the Quran:
There are fifteen letters in Ikhfaa, apart from Izhar, Idgham, and Iqlab, for example, the words:
It can appear in the words ينصركم”, “أن صدوكم”, “وأنذرهم”, “من ذا الذي”, “بسلامٍ ذلك”, and the ikhfaa may come in the word; And his example: “والأُثثى”, “وانصرنا”, and it may come in two words; For example: “ولمن صبر”, “نفساً زكية”, “فإن فاءوا”, and examples of ikhfaa are also the following:
The word: “الأنصار”, which is mentioned in His saying – the Almighty -: (وَالسَّابِقُونَ الْأَوَّلُونَ مِنَ الْمُهاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصارِ), where the letter “Sad” came after the consonant “Noon”.
Conclusion:
In general, it is an important aspect of Arabic grammar and pronunciation that plays a key role in the formation and interpretation of words in the language. Correct understanding and usage is essential for effective communication and comprehension in Arabic.
At Tipyaan Academy we have highly qualified teachers who can teach you about Tanween from basics to expert level within a short interval of time
Furthermore, Tanween is an essential part of Tajweed of the Quran. To learn its basics correctly consider Tipyaan Academy.
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